Juhan Luiga (31 March 1873 – 19 October 1927) was an psychiatrist, physician, author, publicist, and politician. He was a member of I Riigikogu.
During World War I, he worked as a military doctor. From 1917–1918, he was in Finland, as the chief marshal of the liaison detachment of the Estonian division. In 1918, he was also the chief marshal in the Estonian Army for a period of several months. Luiga participated as a volunteer in the Estonian War of Independence as a military physician. In 1919 he was elected dean of the University of Tartu's Faculty of Medicine, but refused to accept the position.
Luiga was elected as a member of the first composition of the Riigikogu, representing the Estonian Labour Party. From 1921 until 1927, he was the chairman of the Union of Estonian Medical Associations. Luiga was also among the founders of magazine Eesti Arst and a founder of the Estonian Health Care Museum. During his career, he published writings on psychiatry, religious psychology of the Finno-Ugric peoples, ancient Estonian religion, Estonian history, and modern politics.
Juhan Luiga died of a stroke in Tallinn in 1927, aged 54, and was interred at Raadi cemetery in Tartu. His granite headstone was designed by artist Jaan Koort.
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